Surgery

So you think you need . . . an episiotomy

Since the middle of the 18th century, when episiotomy was first introduced, the practice of artificially widening the vaginal opening by cutting into the perineum (the skin and tissue lying between th... more »

So you think you need . . . an episiotomy - What to do to avoid perineal tears

* Prenatal perineal massage. There is significant evidence to show that you can increase the flexibility of your perineum by regularly massaging the tissue before giving birth. In a randomised con... more »

So you think you need . . . a colostomy

For more than a century and up until just a few years ago, a permanent colostomy was considered to be de rigueur in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In this procedure, the diseased section of t... more »

So you think you need . . . a colostomy - What are the alternatives?

With nearly 30,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the UK and over 130,000 in the US, colorectal cancer has risen up the ranks to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both coun... more »

So you think you need . . . a tubal ligation - What to do instead

The purpose of sterilisation is simply to prevent pregnancy, but there are plenty of non-hormonal methods of contraception that carry less risk. More than half of all women seeking TL aren't adequatel... more »

So you think you need . . . a tubal ligation

Female sterilisation is touted as a safe and hassle-free means of permanently ridding yourself of having more children, particularly for the over-40s. Although doctors usually tell women that tying yo... more »

So you think you need . . . a tubal ligation - If you must have the operation . . .

* Make sure you thoroughly consider all other possible methods of contraception before resorting to TL more »

So you think you need . . . an appendectomy

Surgical removal of the appendix, or appendectomy, is the most common operation in the West (BMJ, 2002; 325: 505-6): 6-8 per cent of Britons and North Americans will undergo the operation in their lif... more »

So you think you need . . . an appendectomy - Nutritional supplements to take following surgery

* Probiotics such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. bifidus. Take as directed on the product labelling for a month more »

So you think you need . . . botox and other instant facelifts - The cutting edge in the world of derma-fillers

Besides Botox, clinics offer a number of other ways to enhance, sculpt and prettify. Medicine and the pharmaceutical giants have been experimenting with various injectable materials to fill in the gap... more »

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