Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms and Risk
In
its early stages, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be difficult to
distinguish from the usual memory loss, the ‘mild cognitive impairment’
that often arises in old age and causes those classic ‘senior moments’.
Other conditions that can be confused with AD are a thyroid
imbalance, vitamin-B deficiency, brain injury or tumour, severe
depression and drug side-effects.
Major warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease- Memory loss severe enough to affect job or life skills
- Difficulty performing familiar tasks
- Language problems
- Disorientation (of time and place)
- Poor or decreased judgement
- Problems with abstract thinking (such as following directions)
- Misplacing things
- Changes in mood or behaviour
- Changes in personality
- Loss of initiative
- Repeating questions
- Getting lost in familiar places.
There
is no set pattern to AD. It usually comes on gradually, unlike vascular
dementia, which generally has a step-wise worsening (after each
‘mini-stroke’) and may involve mild paralysis or slurred speech.
AD
is ultimately fatal, with death occurring an average of eight years
after diagnosis. However, this figure can range from three to as many
as 20 years.
But contrary to popular belief, Alzheimer’s is by no means inevitable.
Who are most at risk? - Women
- People with:
- a significant family history of AD
- a BMI (body mass index) of under 20 or over 22.5
- Anyone over 65.
By
age 65, roughly one in 14 people will have developed Alzheimer’s; the
risk doubles every five years from then onwards, tailing off at around
age 85 (but only in men).